<p>The Heltne Oil Company is a site on the National Register of Historic Places located in Havre, Montana. It was added to the Register on August 16, 1984.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1939 by the Northwest Refining Company of Cut Bank, Montana and was leased by Danfield Heltne; the business stayed in the Heltne family through the date of NRHP application. The building is described in its NRHP nomination as "an outstanding example of the transitional period of gas station design between the more ornate styling of the early 1930s and the porcelain-enameled oblong box so dominant after the war." It has two-toned decorative brickwork, which, "together with ornamental pilasters blend nicely with the more modern and functional aspects of the design. Large windows to display company products and accessories together with more spacious enclosed service bays reflect the changes taking place in the service station industry during the late 1930s."</p><br>
<p>It was deemed "significant for its association with automobile travel along US 2 from the late 1930s through the early post-war era, as well as for its architecture.</p><br>
<p>Turkey Creek Community Historic District is a settlement established by emancipated African Americans during the Reconstruction Era after the American Civil War. The community is situated in north Gulfport, Mississippi, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1866, a group of emancipated African Americans settled along Turkey Creek on about 320 acres (130 hectares) formerly owned by Arkansas Lumber Company. Freed slaves, Thomas and Melinda Benton, acquired enough land so that their holdings comprised 50 percent of the community. Later settlers purchased property from the Bentons. Many residential lots originally adjoined Turkey Creek, which served as a transportation route for early settlers. Residents often planted gardens, grew fruit trees, and raised livestock on their property.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The historic Turkey Creek community is surrounded by large urban developments that include the Gulfport-Biloxi International Airport to the south, USA Route 49 to the west, and an industrial seaway on the north. The Historic District is a residential area situated along Rippy Road and is associated with freshwater marsh and coastal hardwood forest. The principal forest cover type is live oak (Quercus virginiana) with common associates that include Myrica cerifera, Ilex vomitoria, Vaccinium arboreum, and Serenoa repens. Houses consist of one-story cottages typical of vernacular architecture. In addition to residential houses, the community contains religious and educational structures. The primary natural feature is Turkey Creek which meanders along 12.9 miles (20.8 kilometers) to Bayou Bernard.</p><br>
<p>By the mid-1950s, infrastructure development in the form of industries, highways, airports and housing construction, associated with the expansion of Gulfport, began to encroach on the Turkey Creek Community. Although the Turkey Creek Community predated the founding of the City of Gulfport, it was annexed by that City in 1994. After Hurricane Katrina devastated the Mississippi Gulf Coast in 2005, business expansion accelerated northward, away from the coastline, and into the Turkey Creek Community, garnering national attention. In response, the Turkey Creek Community Initiatives was formed and received assistance from the Land Trust for the Mississippi Coastal Plain and Audubon Mississippi to protect the remaining natural and cultural resources of the Turkey Creek Watershed from further degradation caused by commercial encroachment.</p><br>
<p>Ol Doinyo Eburru is an active complex of volcanoes in the Great Rift Valley, Kenya to the northwest of Lake Naivasha.</p><br>
<p>It is being exploited for geothermal energy.</p><br>
<p>Soysambu Conservancy is located to the north of the massif, between Lake Elmenteita to the east and Lake Nakuru to the west.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Eburru is part of a group of volcanoes in the rift that also includes Suswa, Longonot, Olkaria, Elmenteita and Menengai.</p><br>
<p>It is separated from Olkaria volcano to the south by the Akira plains.</p><br>
<p>In this part of the rift, the eastern margin is covered by trachytic tuffs, often ignimbritic, and some trachytic lavas. The western margin is covered by trachytic and pantelleritic pumice as well as deposits of ash falls ejected from Eburru.</p><br>
<p>The Eburru massif rises to 980 m above the floor of the rift.</p><br>
<p>It developed in three stages. The products of the first stage, in the west, are now mostly buried apart from small pantelleritic lava outcrops. The second stage formed the 19.5 km Waterloo Ridge on the eastern side of the massif. These rocks came from a series of pyroclastic eruptions originating in a fault zone.</p><br>
<p>The third stage created craters, small cones, domes and lava flows. The summit has more than fifty craters with diameters from 200 m to 1.25 km. The pumice lapilli and ash beds from these centers covers most of the massif as well as the western shoulder of the rift. The youngest formations are no more than a few hundred years old.</p><br>
<p>The Eburru massif today is ridge-shaped and eroded, with an east-west orientation.</p><br>
<p>The volcanic complex has an area of 470 km&sup2;. There are two summits, Eburru hill and West hill.</p><br>
<p>There are young craters on the eastern part of the ridge.</p><br>
<p>The east flank has rhyolitic domes that were probably created in the Holocene and are still only partly overgrown with vegetation. There are widespread fumaroles in cinder cones and craters along the faults in the massif.</p><br>
<h2>Geothermal development</h2><br>
<p>In October 2009 Geothermal Development Associates announced that they had signed a contract with Kenya Electricity Generating Company Limited to design, supply and commission a wellhead geothermal power plant at Eburru.</p><br>
<p>The plant would include a 2.5 MW steam turbine generator manufactured by Elliott Turbomachinery in Jeannette, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It has been estimated that Eburru could support a 20 MW geothermal power station.</p><br>
<p>The Too Close for Comfort Site is an archaeological site located in Havre, Montana, United States. The area was used as a buffalo jump. The site, also known as Wahkpa Chu&#39;gn has yielded artifacts from three Native American groups.</p><br>
<p>Between 2000–1500 years ago, the site was inhabited by the Besent peoples, followed about 200–300 years later by the Avonlea peoples for a brief period of time, and lastly by the Saddle Butte peoples who were using the site until about 600 years ago.</p><br>
<p>Wahkpa Chu&#39;gn was discovered in 1962 by John Brumley, followed by further excavations in the 1960s and 1970s by the Montana State Archaeological Society and the Milk River Archaeological Society. John Brumley took over the excavations in the late 1970s, and in 1992 he and his wife began managing the site as an extremely experiential "non-sterile" archaeological site.</p><br>
<p>The site is open to the public, operated by the H. Earl Clack Memorial Museum. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 12, 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Daniels County Courthouse, located at 213 Main Street in Scobey, is the county courthouse serving Daniels County, Montana. The building was built in 1913, the same year Scobey was relocated to a site on the Great Northern Railway, and originally functioned as a hotel. The two-story building, which had a false front, was the largest in the city at the time. Over the next seven years, the hotel passed through several hands; it became known as "One-eyed Molly&#39;s House of Pleasure" after its most notorious proprietor, a glass-eyed woman known as One-Eyed Molly who supposedly ran a brothel from the hotel. When Daniels County was established in 1920, the newly formed county purchased the hotel to use as its courthouse.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 4, 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Big Run Baptist Church and Cemetery, also known as Franklin Township Historical Society, is a historic Baptist church and cemetery located at 6510 South Franklin Road in Franklin Township, Marion County, Indiana. The church was built in 1871 as a Baptist meeting house and served the church congregation until 1977. It is a one-story, gable front brick building with Italianate style design elements. The associated cemetery was established in 1854, with one stone dated to 1841. The most recent burial was in 1986. Also on the property is a contributing privy constructed about 1920. The Franklin Township Historical Society acquired the property and now uses the building as a historical museum.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Bethel A.M.E. Church, known in its early years as Indianapolis Station or the Vermont Street Church, is a historic African Methodist Episcopal Church in Indianapolis, Indiana. Organized in 1836, it is the citys oldest African-American congregation. The three-story church on West Vermont Street dates to 1869 and was added to the National Register in 1991. The surrounding neighborhood, once the heart of downtown Indianapoliss African American community, significantly changed with post-World War II urban development that included new hotels, apartments, office space, museums, and the Indiana University–Purdue University at Indianapolis campus. In 2016 the congregation sold their deteriorating church, which will be used in a future commercial development. The congregation intends to erect a new Bethel AME Church on Zionsville Road in Pike Township, Marion County, Indiana.</p><br>
<p>The Bethel AME congregation has a long history of supporting the citys African American community. It is especially noted for its activities on behalf of the antislavery movement in the years before the American Civil War; its support of the Underground Railroad, which provided protection to slaves en route to Canada; and its commitment to education and community outreach. Bethel also served as the mother church to several AME congregations in Indiana and as a public meeting place in Indianapolis for social activists. Local chapters of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the Indiana State Federation of Colored Womens Clubs were organized at the Vermont Street church in the early 1900s.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Indianapolis became home to several African Methodist Episcopal Church congregations, but Bethel is the city&#39;s oldest African American congregation. Originally established in 1836 and known as Indianapolis Station, it had adopted the name of Bethel AME Church by 1869.</p><br>
<h3>Origins</h3><br>
<p>Augustus Turner, a local barber, organized a small group of African American Methodists in 1836. The congregations first meetings were held in Turners log cabin on Georgia Street. A new house of worship was constructed on Georgia Street in 1841. When the congregation sought affiliation with the African Methodist Episcopal Church, William Paul Quinn, an AME circuit rider from Cincinnati, Ohio, who later became an AME bishop, was the first AME minister to serve the Indianapolis Station. Quinn also helped it achieve membership in the AME Churchs Western Circuit. Elisha Weaver began serving as the churchs first full-time minister in 1850. The congregation adopted the name of Bethel AME Church in the late 1860s. Although the congregation continued to expand into larger buildings and extend its outreach programs to the area&#39;s African American community, it faced financial challenges throughout its early history.</p><br>
<h3>Georgia Street church</h3><br>
<p>In 1841 the congregation had its first church built on Georgia Street between the Central Canal and Mississippi Street (present-day Senate Avenue). The Bethel AME congregation continued to use the small, frame structure until 1857, when it bought the first Christ Church building from the citys Episcopal congregation. (The Episcopal parishioners had decided to replace their wood-frame church with a new stone structure on its site on Monument Circle.) The AME congregation had the small church moved to their site on Georgia Street; however, the church was destroyed by fire in 1862. It is believed that the AME congregations open support of the abolitionist movement and the Underground Railroad, which provided protection to slaves en route to Canada, may have lead some pro-slavery advocates to burn the church. The congregation sold a lot it owned at the corner of Michigan and Tennessee Streets (present-day Capitol Avenue) for $3,000 and used the funds to purchase another lot for $5,000 on West Vermont Street that served as the site for the new church.</p><br>
<h3>Vermont Street church</h3><br>
<p>The church&#39;s West Vermont Street site, located in the northwest section of downtown Indianapolis, has historically been the heart of the African American community. The neighborhood included a mix of residential, retail, commercial, and light industry.</p><br>
<p>Post-World War II development and the declining nearby neighborhood caused the area to change, but the Bethel AME congregation remained in its aging church, which was renovated in 1974 in order to make more space for outreach activities. Eventually, urban development dominated the surrounding area, which included hotels, apartments, museums, and office space along the Central Canal to the east, north, and south. The sprawling IUPUI campus was established west of the church.</p><br>
<p>Bethel AME Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991; at that time it was the only African-American church building in Indianapolis to receive that recognition.</p><br>
<h4>Sale and future development</h4><br>
<p>In 2015 the Bethel AME congregation initiated a capital campaign to raise the $2 million to $3 million needed to repair the deteriorating building, but it proved to be unsuccessful. Without the major funding needed to proceed with the church repairs, the congregation began considering offers to buy the Vermont Street property. In early 2016 the congregation reached an agreement with SUN Development and Management Corporation, an Indianapolis-based developer, to sell the property for an undisclosed amount and relocate. SUN Development, who agreed to preserve as much of the structure as possible, planned to build a hotel on the property. Under the terms of the sale, the congregation had to vacate the property by August 2016. See also:</p><br>
<p>In February 2017 Indiana University announced that its School of Informatics and Computing at IUPUI had received a grant from the university to create a three-dimensional virtual reality model of the historic Vermont Street church. IUPUI students collected 3,000 images for use in the modeling project. When completed, the model will be accessible to the public through IUPUI&#39;s School of Informatics and Computing. Digital images used to create the model will be housed at the IUPUI Library; the digitized archive, along with other archival records from the church, will be held in collection of the Indiana Historical Society in Indianapolis.</p><br>
<p>As of 2017 the congregation&#39;s website indicated it planned to erect a new church on Zionsville Road in Pike Township, Marion County, Indiana. In the interim, the church holds worship services at The Unity Center, 2163 North Illinois Street in Indianapolis.</p><br>
<h2>Building description</h2><br>
<p>The Vermont Street site originally consisted of a three-story church and an adjacent two-story parsonage that connected to the main building by an enclosed passageway. The church and parsonage date from 1867–69; the parsonage was converted to a church office at a later date. The churchs four-story tower, east gable, and west cross gable were added as part of a major renovation to the church in 1894. A false façade of metal framework and stucco was added to the churchs and parsonages south façade in 1973–74. The churchs original brick façade and its main entrance was partially obscured by the 1974 update; however, the building retained many features dating to its construction in 1869 and the renovation in 1894.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior and plan</h3><br>
<p>The three-story church and its square, four-story tower were constructed of red brick over a limestone foundation and contained some Romanesque Revival features. Only the northeast corner of the tower was attached to the church. The tower had paired windows on the second story, multiple round arches above the third-floor windows, and a round arch flanked by pairs of pilasters at the fourth-story level. The tower&#39;s hip roof was topped with a cross finial.</p><br>
<p>The churchs main entrance, facing south toward Vermont Street, had a false façade of stucco that included a single arch over the main entrance and two narrow arches on either side. The churchs east elevation, partially obscured by the adjacent parsonage, had a cross-gabled section with tall, round-arched windows and two-story arched windows that divided into two lancets at the second-story level. The churchs west elevation had vertically-aligned window openings and one doorway on the south. (Another door on the north of this elevation was enclosed.) The west elevations second and third stories each had five, round-arched windows; its cross gable had a lunette window. The north (rear) elevation had a gabled section with two arched windows on the first story, one round-arched window on the second story, and two round-arched windows on the third floor. A hip-roofed section at the rear had an arched doorway and a window on the ground floor with a two-story arched window that divided into two round-arched lancet windows above. The rear elevation also had an exterior chimney.</p><br>
<p>An adjacent, two-story parsonage east of the church was erected at the time of the church&#39;s initial construction (1867–69). The red brick parsonage connected to the church on the first and second floor and was later converted to a church office. Its gable front (the main façade facing Vermont Street) was covered with a false façade in 1974. Openings in the south façade were blocked in, probably when the false façade was added. A gable-roof porch covered the parsonage’s main entry. Originally, the south elevation had arched openings with a door and two windows on the first floor and three windows on the second floor. The east elevation had a two-story gabled main section and a shed-roofed section in the rear. The main section had two windows on the first floor, one on the second; the shed-roof section had one window.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The church&#39;s cube-shaped interior included a sanctuary and meeting rooms; its tower housed a staircase. The church had two entrances, one on its south elevation facing Vermont Street and another in the tower. A narrow lobby across the main building had doors in the north side that lead to a meeting room. Smaller rooms were established along the west wall. The lower level included a kitchen. The main stairway to the second-floor sanctuary was accessed from the east side of the first-floor lobby.</p><br>
<p>The sanctuary was remodeled in 1894 to a two-story space with the altar on the east wall. A balcony along the west wall was accessible from staircases in the sanctuary&#39;s southeast and northwest corners. Auditorium-style seating faced the altar. (This arrangement altered the original plan, which may have placed rows of pews facing an alter located on either the north or south wall.) Two tiers of windows on the west and north walls lighted the sanctuary; tall windows lit the altar. The coved ceiling was covered with beaded wood board and had a square coffer at the center.</p><br>
<p>Later changes to the building included enlarging its choir loft, installation of a pipe organ and stained-glass windows, and updates to the buildings heating, lighting, and electrical systems. In 1961 pastor C. T. H. Watkins and architect Walter Exxell redesigned the churchs chancel. The congregation also renovated the church building and adjoining parsonage in 1974. Window openings in the sanctuary&#39;s south wall were covered over and the related woodwork was removed due to the addition of the false façade on the exterior.</p><br>
<p>The front door of the parsonage/church office led to a side staircase and hall. A first-floor room was converted to an office. In addition, smaller rooms or offices were made on the parsonage&#39;s first and second floors.</p><br>
<h2>Mission</h2><br>
<p>The Bethel AME Church elevated its role in the community as the citys black population increased. Before the American Civil War, the congregation became active in the antislavery movement and supported the Underground Railroad. At that time Indianapoliss black population comprised less than three percent of the citys total population. In 1860, when Indianas statewide population reached 1,338,710, its African American population was 11,428. However, as the war progressed, the number of blacks coming to Indianapolis from the South and Indianas rural areas continued to rise, nearly doubling the states African American population by 1870, a few years after the Bethel AME church was erected on Vermont Street. By 1900, shortly after the church underwent a major renovation, African Americans comprised nearly ten percent of the city&#39;s population.Emma Lou Thornbrough, "African-Americans," in</p><br>
<p>Bethel, the citys only AME congregation for thirty years, became the mother church to several congregations of the African Methodist Episcopal churches in Indiana, The Bethel congregation also served in the development of the AME church. In 1854, 1859, and 1864, Bethel hosted the denominations annual conference. In addition, it hosted an AME bishop&#39;s conference and a general conference in 1888.</p><br>
<p>Education was also an important mission of the church. The congregation established its first school for African American children at the church in 1858. (Before the mid-1870s, Indianapolis&#39;s public schools did not allow African American children to enroll.) Later, the congregation operated a kindergarten at the church and a day school.</p><br>
<p>The Bethel church also became a public meeting place for social activism, as well as a venue for organizing and implementing social services including providing money, clothing, and temporary lodging to African Americans immigrating to the city from the South after the Civil War. Over the years the church provided other social programs such as a credit union, counseling services, a well-baby clinic, and day-care services for children and adults. The church also served as a venue for organizing local associations that were instrumental in achieving better housing, education, and equal rights for African Americans. Local chapters of several organizations were created at Bethel, including the Indianapolis chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People in the early 1900s and the Indiana State Federation of Colored Woman&#39;s Clubs on April 27, 1904.</p><br>
<p>During the twentieth century, Bethel AME Church continued to support the citys black community living northwest of the downtown area. The congregation operated a food pantry, youth and senior citizens programs, and clothing drives, among other activities. Throughout civil rights activism of the mid-twentieth century, Bethel provided a space of racial solidarity and continued its long tradition of offering community outreach services to the citys African Americans. In 2013 the church became a member of the Indianapolis Congregation Action Network (IndyCan) and has served as headquarters for the network&#39;s Mass Transit Campaign.</p><br>
<h2>Membership</h2><br>
<p>The congregation began in 1836 with a few members meeting in a log cabin. By 1848 the small group had grown to 100 members and was meeting in a small frame church on Georgia Street. Over the next century the membership continued to increase. By the early 1990s the congregation had an estimated 1,200 members; however, its membership declined in subsequent decades. The congregation&#39;s membership was estimated at 120 to 150 when the West Vermont Street property was sold in 2016.</p><br>
<h3>Notable members</h3><br>
<p>Reverend Willis Revels, a pastor at Bethel AME Church in the 1860s, encouraged African Americans to enlist in the Union army during the American Civil War</p><br>
<p>Doctor Samuel Elbert, a physician, was the first African American graduate of the Medical College of Indianapolis and served as the secretary of the Indiana Board of Health</p><br>
<p>Madam C. J. Walker, a prominent African American hair care and beauty products entrepreneur, who was also philanthropist and activist in the early twentieth century</p><br>
<p>Doctor Joseph Ward, an Indianapolis physician, served as director of the Tuskegee Veterans Administration Medical Center at Tuskegee, Alabama</p><br>
<p>Mercer Mance was Indiana&#39;s first elected African American judge</p><br>
<h2>Worship services</h2><br>
<p>As of August 2017, the Bethel AME Churchs worship services are held on Sundays at 10:15 a.m. at The Unity Center, located at 2163 North Illinois Street in Indianapolis. Bible studies are conducted on Wednesdays from 12 to 1 p.m. and from 6 to 7 p.m. The congregations new church facility on Zionsville Road in Pike Township, Marion County, Indiana, has not yet been completed.</p><br>
<p>The Ironwood Memorial Building, also known as the Ironwood Municipal Building or the Ironwood Memorial/Municipal Building, is a government building located at the corner of McLeod Avenue and Marquette Street in Ironwood, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The city of Ironwood had plans to build a new municipal building since at least 1917. The building was intended to be a Memorial Building, housing municipal offices and serving as a memorial to veterans. The cornerstone of the building was laid in November 1922 in a ceremony honoring veterans of World War I. The building was completed in August 1923 It was used for municipal business, as well as social and recreational uses, such as banquets, plays, basketball games, and education.</p><br>
<p>The Ironwood Memorial Building was remodeled in 1996. The building continues to serve as Ironwood&#39;s City Hall.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Memorial Building is a two-story Neoclassical structure built of concrete in a pentagonal shape. The first floor is raised, providing light to the basement level. The two front facades are faced in grey terra cotta and coursed stone, while the remaining elevations are faced with brick. The heavy bronze door entrances are approached with wide granite steps and are flanked by Ionic columns. Above each entrance, clocks are inset into the terra cotta. A balustrade runs around the roof edge. Multipaned windows separated by pilasters and topped with arches run around the first floor, and rectangular windows with architrave trim are used on the second.</p><br>
<p>Inside the building are municipal offices (including a court room and council chambers), community facilities, a 1,500-seat auditorium, a statue of World War I doughboy, and bronze tablets listing area men who served during the Civil War, Spanish–American War, and World War I. A mural by artist Carl Frezell depicting local iron mines was funded by the Works Progress Administration. The Ironwood Women’s Club has a private clubroom in the building.</p><br>
<p>The Lake McDonald Lodge Coffee Shop is a visitor services building in the Lake McDonald district of Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. The coffee shop was built in 1965 as part of the National Park Service&#39;s Mission 66 program to upgrade visitor facilities, in order to increase visitor dining capacity. Under the Mission 66 projects, visitor facilities were usually comprehensive in nature, providing a range of visitor services. Specialized concession buildings like the Coffee Shop were unusual in Mission 66. It was leased to the Glacier Park Company for operation, in anticipation of the construction of lodging facilities by the company.</p><br>
<p>The Coffee Shop was designed by Burt L. Gewalt of the Kalispell, Montana architectural firm of Brinkman and Lenon. Gewalt designed the roofline to echo individual design elements of the nearby Lake McDonald Lodge, using compatible paint and trim materials.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Coffee House is located a little to the east of the Lake McDonald Lodge, between the Lodge and the Going-to-the-Sun Road. The 40 ft by 100 ft rectangular one-story shop is set on a small hill, surrounded by a lawn with mature conifers shading the site. The building is clad in white stucco over plywood and battened cedar panels. The roof structure is composed of glued laminated timber frames on steel columns, supporting a modified hipped roof. The roof is the building&#39;s most significant detail, with clipped ends to echo the main lodge structure, and a louvered roof monitor along the ridge, designed to conceal ventilation equipment in an open roof well. The present monitor has been modified from the original cap structure, which did not cope well with the heavy snow loads at the site. The eaves extend from the building at either end. The stucco panels near the entrance feature metal sculpture designed by Gewalt to express the surrounding mountains.</p><br>
<p>The interior is arranged with the main dining room in the north end, the kitchen in the middle, and the employees dining room at the south end. A lunch counter was originally located next to the main entrance near the center of the building. The employees dining room has been converted to office and storage use. Interior finishes were stained cedar batten panels and vinyl asbestos tile, with an open ceiling space. Original light fixtures by A.W. Pistol remain.</p><br>
<p>Gewalt drew his design inspiration from the lodge building and from Welton Beckets design for the Canyon Village Lodge at Yellowstone National Park. Gewalts design has been compared to the "Coffee Shop Modern" style by author Alan Hess, using many of the same structural effects and transparent design elements, as well as conspicuously modern design features. Hess describes Coffee Shop Modern as an offshoot of Googie architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Architects and contractors</h2><br>
<p>Brinkman and Lenon was founded shortly after World War II, continuing after the death of the founding partners in 1961 until the firm was sold to the Architects Design Group in the 1990s. The firm designed the Logan Pass Visitor Center and the Saint Mary Visitor Center, Entrance Station and Checking Stations at the eastern side of the park as well as other structures at West Glacier, Saint Mary and Rising Sun.</p><br>
<p>The shop was built by the Collins Construction Company of Kalispell at a cost of about $107,000.</p><br>
<h2>Master plan</h2><br>
<p>The Coffee Shop was to be the first element in expansion of the Lake McDonald site with additional visitor services. The Mission 66 plan for Lake McDonald in 1955 envisioned the removal of all structures in the area except for the lodge itself and the construction of a series of one and two-story lodging units with 20 to 70 rooms each. These plans were scaled back, and were further reduced after the Great Northern Railway, which at the time owned the Glacier Park Company, objected to the plans as too costly. The Great Northern sold their Glacier Park operations to Glacier Park, Inc., operated by Don Hummell. By 1963 plans had been reduced to the construction of a "grill" at the site.</p><br>
<h2>Historic designation</h2><br>
<p>The Lake McDonald Coffee Shop was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 14, 2008, Until its designation it was considered a non-contributing structure in the Lake McDonald Lodge Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Pynes House is a Grade II* listed Queen Anne style country house built by Hugh Stafford between around 1700 and 1725, situated in the parish of Upton Pyne, Devon, 3 miles northwest of Exeter.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house has four-storeys and covers 21,000 ft&sup2;. Its present owners run the house as a wedding and events venue, offering 12 bedrooms. It is set in gardens and grounds of 37 acres. The building is primarily made of bricks to a square plan, with Portland stone dressings. The principal roof is slate, with four large brick chimney stacks.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h2>Poem</h2><br>
<p>The renovations at the house in 1789 inspired a poem to be written by Sebastian Emmett, called Written on Viewing the Improvements at Pynes-House, the Seat of Sir Stafford Henry Northcote, Bart. Near Exeter. 1789. It talks about the house and the design of the gardens, but also alludes to the character of the nation at the time.</p><br>
<p>The W.C. Child Ranch also known as the Kleffner Ranch and the Child-Kleffner Ranch is a national historic site located on state highway 518, south of East Helena, Montana, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 23, 1977.</p><br>
<p>The ranch was purchased by W. C. Child about 1885, and was originally named "White Face Farm". In 1888 he also build a octagonal-shaped house on the property, with the second floor given over to an open ballroom.</p><br>
<p>Child lived in Helena and used the home only for meetings and parties. He went bankrupt as a result of the Silver Panic of 1893 and died in October, 1893, after which the ranch was sold to a number of different owners over the next fifty years. The property&#39;s condition deteriorated, until Paul Kleffner obtained the ranch in 1943, first leasing it and then buying it outright in 1946. Kleffner and his family owned the ranch until 2005, when it was bought by Denis and Stacy Young.</p><br>
<p>The Immaculate Conception Church is a historic church and former cathedral at 115 N. Cushman Street in Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1904, it was the first Roman Catholic Church erected in Alaskas interior. The church was originally located on Dunkel Street, but in the winter of 1911-12, the church was moved across the Chena River to its present location so that it would be closer to St. Josephs Hospital, which closed in the 1960s. After the move, the basement of rough frame structure was enlarged to provide a parish hall, it was wired for electricity, and a parish house was built adjacent. The steeple and vestibule were added in 1914, the roof was raised, and the choir gallery added. Its stained glass windows were added in 1926-28.</p><br>
<p>The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Sts. Sergius and Herman of Valaam Church is a historic Russian Orthodox church in Nanwalek, Alaska. It is named for the Saints Sergius and Herman of Valaam.</p><br>
<p>The settlement (first known as Alexandrovsk, and later as English Bay) was established during 1784-86 but its first church building was not built until about 1870. The current church building was built in about 1930 or before, and has been described as "a study in economical use of existing materials" and as having "no architectural distinction". It consists of two small rectangular buildings joined together; the nave section was possibly once a dance hall and the altar section was possibly once part of a local store. It is argued nonetheless that the building "is an unusual example of adaptive use, and retains the integrity of its use over the past half century as the community R.O. church."</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Sts. Sergius and Herman of Valaam Chapel is a historic Russian Orthodox chapel in Ouzinkie, Alaska. The chapel is named for the Saints Sergius and Herman of Valaam. It was built in 1898 by Bishop Tikhon, who located it over the grave of Father Herman, the first Russian Orthodox clergyman to be canonized for service in Alaska, and who has been considered the patron saint of Alaska. It is approximately 22 x in plan and on its roof has a small, relatively recently added onion-shape supporting a high cross. An altar section and a vestibule section were added later, completing out a customary three-section design of Russian Orthodox churches in Alaska.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>St. Nicholas Church is a historic Russian Orthodox church in Nikolski, Alaska, which is located at the southern end of Umnak Island.</p><br>
<p>The current church was built in 1930, and is believed to be the fourth church on the island: the first was built and was burned within the 1800s, the second was burned in 1898, the third was built in 1898-1900 a few miles away then moved to the current church location in about 1918, and was replaced in 1930. The church has a customary three-element design (altar section, nave, and vestibule section), with addition of a nearly independent bell tower. Its nave is larger and taller than usual among the Russian Orthodox churches of Alaska, and it has "simple detailing coupled with small, economically severe, windows, suggests an almost Shaker design influence," according to a 1979 evaluation.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Holy Resurrection Church in Belkofski, Alaska is a historic Russian Orthodox church.</p><br>
<p>It is significant as "a striking example of a special type of Russian Orthodox Church architectural heritage", with a pyramidal-shaped roof over a central tower, in a design following from the 1732 design of the Church of the Resurrection on the Moskva River at Kolomenskoie, near Moscow, Russia. It is believed that there has been a church at this site since 1881; the current church may be a reconstruction.</p><br>
<p>The church&#39;s design influenced the design of the later, 1888, Russian Orthodox church at Karluk and also of the 1906 Russian Orthodox church at Ouzinkie.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>St. Nicholas Chapel is a historic Russian Orthodox chapel in Sand Point, Alaska.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1936. According to a 1979 evaluation of the church for possible historic registry listing, it is "a building of strong religious statement, clear and expressive." The evaluation notes that its entrance vestibule is within a "commanding" square tower at its west end, which "rises to a truncated pyramidal roof above its second level, and supports a handsome open-work octagonal bell tower".</p><br>
<p>As of 1979, it was in deteriorated condition and services were no longer conducted in the building (they were conducted in a private house, instead). But the building was "swept and kept neat" and secure from vandalism.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Mission Church is a historic Episcopal log church building on the eastern fork of the Chandalar River in Arctic Village, Alaska, inside the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Known also as Old Missionary Church and as Old Log Church, it was built in 1917. It was one of numerous mission churches established in Alaska by the Episcopal Church in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The building is significant as a mission church and for association with Reverend Albert E. Tritt. A native of Arctic Village, Tritt was converted to Christianity by gospel preaching of Episcopal missionaries at Fort Yukon, about 100 mi to the south. He returned with a Takudh-language Bible and sought to bring others into the Episcopal church. He became a deacon of the Episcopal Church in 1925. He helped with the building of a newer church in the village in 1939.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>The Tanana Mission  was a historic Episcopal church mission in Tanana, Alaska. Its abandoned church building and cemetery are listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant as artifacts of the once-large Episcopal mission, which additionally includeda hospital, a sawmill, a rectory, and a school. It is located about 3 miles up from the current Tanana village location. It was deemed "important to the history of interior Alaska as a place where permanent native (Indian) community was established near the mission which located itself opposite the prehistoric trading center of many interior Athapaskan Indians - Nuchalawoyya" and also as representing "a place where native people learned and participated in the activities of a foreign culture", and as a burial site, and as for the architecture of its church.</p><br>
<p>The church building has multiple gables above a 52 x plan. It was built in 1899 and added to the National Register in 1977.</p><br>
<p>Stoke Edith House is a derelict country house with surrounding park in Stoke Edith, Herefordshire, England. The present 17th century quadrangular mansion was preceded by a multi-gabled, Elizabethan home. Set within gardens, the Grade II listed building was destroyed by fire in 1927.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Stoke Edith was the principal manor of Sir Henry Lingen (1612 – 1662), Royalist cavalier. He and the resident rector, Henry Rogers, denounced for their political leanings, knew the property could be victimized at any time. Lingen&#39;s widow, Alice Pye of the Mynnd, sold the manor in the 1670s to the ironmaster Thomas Foley, who settled it on his second son Paul. Paul obtained licence from James II to empark up to 500 acres at Stoke Edith. After a visit by the leading garden designer, George London, in 1692, the park and gardens were remodelled to his suggestion, and it is likely that pleasure grounds would have been laid out around the house in a series of formal compartments with geometric walks, flower-beds and fountains. Paul rebuilt the timber-framed ancient mansion, Stoke Court, from 1695, when he became Speaker, and it was mostly complete by 1698. It was finished by his son, Thomas, Auditor of the imprests. The house, subsequently known as Stoke Park, descended in the family to Thomas Lord Foley, who (having inherited the Great Witley estate from his distant cousin Thomas 2nd Baron Foley) settled Stoke Edith on his second son Edward Foley (1747–1803), an MP.</p><br>
<p>Many of the family were members of Parliament. Stoke Park remained their principal residence until it was destroyed by fire in 1927. The present Stoke Edith House (once the Rectory), the park and extensive agricultural and woodlands remain in the ownership of the Foley family. It became a Grade II listed building on 20 October 1952.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and fittings</h2><br>
<p>A prior house, Elizabethan in style, was characterized by its multiple shaped gables and stone detailing. The interior includes a state wing is to the west and a parlour toom in the centre of the house. There is a long study, a drawing room, a wainscotted dining room, and an embellished hall. The east-wing stair is top-lit.</p><br>
<p>The Stoke Edith Wall Hanging, dating to 1710-20 and which originally hung in the house, is now on display in the Victoria and Albert Museum. In 1926, Paul Henry Foley donated 136 rare books in 242 volumes from the house to Hereford Cathedral&#39;s library.</p><br>
<h2>Grounds</h2><br>
<p>The grounds are terraced and are within a wooded park.</p><br>
<p>Improvements to the park were made by Humphry Repton in the late 18th century, and to the formal garden by William Andrews Nesfield in the 1850s. This included an arabesque pattern, box edging, coloured walks, steep grass slope, and beech trees. Garden fittings included a statue of old Father Time and a sundial with the motto Horas non numero nisi serenas ("I count only the sunny hours").</p><br>
<p>Bear Creek Baptist Church is a historic Baptist church in Adair County, Missouri. It is located approximately four miles northwest of Kirksville on Missouri Route B. Built in 1860, the church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. The church is currently in a state of considerable disrepair and no services are held there. The church, adjoining cemetery, and surrounding acreage are owned and maintained by the non-profit organization, Bear Creek Cemetery Association of Adair County.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Bear Creek Baptist congregation was the earliest organized Christian group in Adair County, dating to the late 1830s. Previously only small groups of neighbors would gather in private homes at various points in the county. Reverend Talbot Hight is recognized as the chief organizer of the congregation, in the period of late 1838 - early 1839. No funds or land were available to build a proper building and sanctuary, so for the first years of the congregations existence private homes were used for services, with the Reverend Lewis Connor as pastor. Following Connors 1856 death he was interred on a portion of his land informally deeded to the Bear Creek congregation for purposes of a church and cemetery. The exact date of construction for the current building isnt known, but commonly accepted as sometime in 1860. The disruption caused by the American Civil War meant that the building wasnt finished until sometime in 1865.</p><br>
<p>The church continued to grow through the remainder of the 19th century. However membership began to decline in the early 1900s until finally the last regularly scheduled services were held there on February 7, 1914. In October, 1946 a group from the First Baptist Church of Kirksville dedicated a large boulder with plaque on the site in honor of its status as the first church in the county. The cemetery continued in use long after the church had ceased regular services, the last known burials being in 1979. Among the local notables buried in the Bear Creek cemetery is Samuel Withrow, the first postmaster in Adair County, buried there in 1852. In May, 1982 a non-profit corporation, the aforementioned Bear Creek Cemetery Association of Adair County, was established to care for the property and building. Among their first projects was to secure the site&#39;s placement on the National Register of Historic Places. The Bear Creek Church survived a close call with Mother Nature in 2009. On May 13 of that year a tornado estimated as an EF2 on the Enhanced Fujita Scale passed near the church as it left a path of death and destruction from Novinger to Kirksville. Two Adair County residents were killed by the tornado about one mile from the church.</p><br>
<p>St. Marys Church is a historic turn-of-the-20th century Catholic church located in the unincorporated community of Adair, 12 miles northeast of Kirksville, Adair County, Missouri on Missouri Route 11. An example of Romanesque Revival architecture, it is one of the few wood-frame structures in that style still remaining in the United States. St. Marys was constructed in 1904, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It is now owned and managed by Friends of St. Mary&#39;s, a non-profit preservation organization.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Early years</h3><br>
<p>The present-day building is the third church built in the village to serve the needs of Catholicism</p><br>
<p>Catholic immigrants. The first Irish Catholics began to arrive in eastern Adair County in the early 1840s, with a substantial increase thereafter largely due to the Irish Potato Famine. The first services were held in a private residence in Adair in 1844. They were conducted by Father McNamee, who journeyed to the village with his portable altar by horseback from Edina, Missouri. In 1860 the first Catholic church, a rough-hewn log structure, was constructed and the first Priest, Father Ryan, assigned. The log church was replaced in 1869 with a simple wood frame building. The village and church congregation continued to grow through the late 1800s, and by 1900 it was clear to the worshipers that something more substantial was needed.</p><br>
<h3>A new home</h3><br>
<p>The current St. Mary&#39;s Church was constructed between 1904 and 1905 under the direction of John V. Barwarth of Edina, Missouri for a sum of $10,000 dollars. Due to its somewhat remote location in the county, lumber and most other construction materials had to be delivered by rail to Baring, Missouri several miles to the east in Knox county then hauled by wagon to Adair. The new church was built on the same grounds as the old, with the latter moved a short distance away for use as a school. On June 15, 1905 a dedication was held for the new church, conducted by Archbishop John J. Glennon (later known as John Cardinal Glennon) with a large gathering of Catholics from across northeast Missouri, and even some non-Catholic neighbors, in attendance.</p><br>
<p>The new buildings dimensions at time of completion were 88 feet, 4 inches by 52 feet, 2 inches. The dominant features were the two towers, one each on the northwest and southwest corners of the building. The northwest, the bell tower, is 12 feet, 4 inches square and was originally 90 feet in height. However a severe storm nearly destroyed it some years later and repairs left it at the current 50 feet in height. The southwest tower is octagonal in shape and 40 feet in height with round arch openings and Corinthian style supports, topped by a dome. A highlight of the octagonal tower is a statue known as The Sorrowful Mother. It is believed to be one of only three reproductions of the statue in the United States, with the original in Rome, Italy. The buildings main interior features a large sanctuary with two small vestries. Pressed Florentine style tin covers the ceiling and much of the interior walls, while the flooring is made of tongue-in-groove yellow pine. A semi-circular balcony overlooks part of the sanctuary and provided extra seating as needed. A few years after initial construction ornate lighting fixtures of Tiffany design were added to the sanctuary.</p><br>
<h3>Decline and resurrection</h3><br>
<p>St. Marys Church, and the surrounding community, continued to grow for the first two decades of the 20th century. Adair had sizeable business district catering to area farmers, a population of over 400 and a Catholic school was built. The years after World War I and then the Great Depression were not kind to either the village or the church. A general trend in America saw younger generations leaving the agriculture field for job opportunities in cities. A loss of children caused the closure of the Catholic school in 1925. The coming of the automobile and better roads in rural Missouri meant that families could easily travel to larger towns in the area like Baring, Edina, and Kirksville to shop. Each town also having its own Catholic church—in the case of Edina and Kirksville quite substantial congregations—meant combining morning Mass with an afternoon of resupplying before returning home. By 1942 only 30 people were counted as part of the St. Marys parish. In 1958 St. Marys was relegated to being a mission of Mary Immaculate Church in Kirksville. In December, 1972, with the congregation reduced to less than twenty adults—most elderly—it was announced that all masses at St. Marys would be discontinued for the winter. They would not ever resume. The church rectory was sold off in 1973 and it appeared a grim fate awaited the church. However, a small group of former parishioners and non-Catholics interested in historical preservation refused to let the unique church architecture be destroyed without a fight. A petition to have the building placed on the National Register of Historical Places was filed, and on December 16, 1974 that request was granted. The following May the non-profit Friends of St. Mary&#39;s Church of Adair, Missouri, Incorporated was chartered by the state of Missouri with the purpose of preservation and restoration of the church. On July 12, 1976 the Diocese of Jefferson City (Missouri) deeded the church to the group. Since that time the group has focused on maintenance, with some restoration as money allows. A variety of fundraisers are held to support the efforts. At present no services are regularly held and the building is open to the public only by special arrangement.</p><br>
<p>Trinity Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church building at 124 N Mulanix Street in Kirksville, Missouri, United States. Displaying an eclectic style, it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in January, 2008.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Trinity Episcopal Church congregation has been a mainstay in the Kirksville area since 1870, when first established as an outreach mission. The first church building, a wooden structure, was constructed in 1870 on the site of the current church and served the congregation until 1916. A fire in 1907 caused major damage and despite repairs it was apparent the original building would not remain usable. In October, 1915 the congregation petitioned the Episcopal Diocese for assistance and were successful in reaching an agreement on financing.</p><br>
<p>Well-known local architect and congregation member, Irwin Dunbar was selected to design the new building and during 1916 the former wooden structure was razed to clear path for the new church.</p><br>
<p>The building was constructed in a bungalow/craftsman, Gothic Revival style with the finished dimensions approximately 37 feet by 67 feet. With the 1907 fire still fresh in their minds, the congregation chose the slightly higher cost of a brick structure as opposed to wood. The building is somewhat asymmetrical in nature and sits atop a raised basement. When designing the interior, Irwin Dunbar chose some features that reflected not only a blend of Craftsman and Gothic Revival styles, but his own background as an engineer. Most notable of those are the open beam ceiling in the nave, constructed of black walnut. These trusses provided support for the heavy English tile roof, yet kept the worship area free of cumbersome columns. Black walnut was used extensively throughout the interior for trim, window frames, and other ancillary features.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>The sanctuary is very much as originally designed and constructed. The replacement of a section of flat roof with an inclined one in 1998, has taken place. Save for upgrades in electrical, plumbing, and HVAC, the interior is largely untouched. An accessibility project in 2015, designed by Chinn, Rother, and Associates, of Columbia, Missouri, added a new wing to add accessibility improvements, including a lift, a new, wider entrance, and restrooms. As part of this project, one of the original stained glass windows was moved from the sanctuary to the new addition.</p><br>
<h3>Wicks Pipe Organ</h3><br>
<p>The church features a pipe organ, built in 1967 by Wicks Organ Company of Highland, Illinois, with an additional Dulzian rank added later. The electro-pneumatic organ is at the front of the room, and exposed pipes. The organ was renovated by Quimby Pipe Organs of Warrensburg, Missouri in 2015.</p><br>
<p>Waldensian Church and Cemetery of Stone Prairie  is a historic Waldensian church located near Monett, Barry County, Missouri.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1875, the Monett congregation was among the first Waldensian congregations to be established in the United States by some 40 settlers, including a few who had formed the first Waldensian settlement in South America in Uruguay in the 1850s. Led by the Waldensian minister Jean Pierre Michelin Salomon, a native of the Pellice Valley of northwestern Italy, this contingent left South America in early 1875, fleeing civil war in the Uruguayan countryside, traveling first back to Europe then across the Northern Atlantic to New York and by train to southern Missouri. The original congregation was composed mainly of patois-speaking Piedmontese immigrants. Waldensians living in the Cottian Alps region of Northern Italy continued to migrate to Monett until the early 1900s. The original colony was augmented by French-speaking Protestants who arrived from France and Switzerland. Both the Monett congregation and a more recent, larger settlement located in Valdese, North Carolina, use the name Waldensian Presbyterian Church. The original frame meeting house in Monett was constructed in 1875 and was replaced in 1908 by the current church building. There is an adjacent Waldensian cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>B&#39;Nai Israel Synagogue is a historic Jewish synagogue at 126 S. Main in Cape Girardeau, Missouri.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1937 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. It is located in the Courthouse-Seminary Neighborhood Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The decision to build a synagogue for Cape Girardeaus Jewish community came following the destruction of their Torah. In 1937, a 450-year-old Torah was brought to the United States by Isaac Becker, a Sikeston merchant. Isaac Becker had visited his father in Germany, who told him life for Jews in Germany was getting bad and that the book would be safer with him in the United States. Until that time, the High Holiday service was held in a number of locations: the local Elks Club building, the Sturdivant Bank, the Presbyterian Church, the Community Building in Fairground Park. However, tragedy struck on February 27, 1937, when the book was lost when the Community Building - the building it had been stored at - had been consumed by fire. After the fire, it was decided that a permanent synagogue was needed for both the Jewish community to worship at and as a place to store the communitys scrolls. The synagogue was designed by the Saint Louis architect Thomas P. Barnett Jr. who also designed other buildings in Cape Girardeau as well as the Cathedral Basilica of Saint Louis. The synagogue is located at 126 S. Main Street in Cape Girardeau&#39;s historic commercial district.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The synagogue is a stuccoed brick, one-story building constructed in the Spanish Colonial Revival style with Islamic influences. The building is covered in white stucco and red mission tiles. The building has a flap sloping roofline and red tiles along the parapet. A dome constructed of red painted sheet metal squares. A symmetrical band of decorative ceramic mosaic tiles form the base of the dome. Recessed Islamic pointed horseshoe arches provide openings on all three sides. Diamond pane casement windows with Islamic detail are arranged in the sides of the portico. To the south lies a gated area made of wrought iron with the Star of David molded into the iron.</p><br>
<p>St. Vincent De Paul Catholic Church is a historic church at 131 South Main Street in Cape Girardeau, Missouri.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church was built in the English Perpendicular Gothic Revival style using red brick with sandstone trim on a foundation of sandstone. It was designed by Irish-born architect Thomas Waryng Walsh.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St. Vincent De Paul is situated on the site of Louis Lorimiers Red House. In 1821, priests began making periodic visits to settlers in the area. By 1833, the land where the church stands today had been secured, and by 1836 Cape Girardeau had its first permanent priest, Reverend John Odin. The cornerstone for the church was laid in April 1838 by Bishop Rosati of St. Louis. The church was named for the Vincentian fathers who founded it as well as St. Vincents College. This church was destroyed by a tornado in 1850. The present church was constructed on the original foundations of the first church, with construction beginning in 1851 and finishing in 1853. The church tower has been struck twice by lightning and destroyed in 1912. The church was added to the National Register in 1982. It is located in the Courthouse-Seminary Neighborhood Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Lake Jyväsjärvi is a lake situated in the centre of Jyväskylä in Finland. The lake can be also considered as the Northern end of Lake Päijänne.</p><br>
<p>Parts of Jyväsjärvi has been filled many times to gain more land for the enlarging city of Jyväskylä. Mattilanniemi and Ylistö, two campuses of the University of Jyväskylä are situated on the Southern shores of the lake. Two bridges are crossing the lake connecting Ylistönrinne and Kuokkala neighbourhoods to the city centre. The harbour of Jyväskylä is situated next to the Kuokkala bridge.</p><br>
<p>During winter seasons a three kilometres long ice skating track is created on the surface of the lake. There is also a path, popular among pedestrians, cyclists, joggers and rollerbladers, going around the lake.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. William and Elizabeth Blackburn House is an historic two-story wooden house located at 219 South Tyler Avenue in Pierre, South Dakota. Designed in the Stick or Eastlake style of Queen Anne style architecture, it was built in 1883 by local banker and real estate speculator, H. O. Fishback. In 1887, it was bought by the Rev. Dr. William Maxwell Blackburn and his wife, Elizabeth Powell Blackburn, who had come to Pierre from Grand Forks, North Dakota, where he had been president of the University of North Dakota. Dr. Blackburn, a Presbyterian minister, scholar and author became the founding president of the Presbyterian University of Southern Dakota, which later became Pierre University and served as such until his death in 1898. Following his death, Pierre University was relocated to Huron, where it became Huron University. Later owners include C. B. Billinghurst, local newspaper publisher, and Harold King and his wife Irma E. King. The Kings ran a grocery store and he was a local politician while she was a poet.</p><br>
<p>On May 9, 1997, the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places&#39;</p><br>
<p>The Bellarine Wetlands Important Bird Area comprises a group of wetland sites, with a collective area of 46 km, at the western end of the Bellarine Peninsula in Victoria, south-eastern Australia. The site is important for waterbirds and orange-bellied parrots.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The wetlands include the Moolap saltworks, with the adjacent intertidal mudflats of Point Henry and Corio Bay, and the extensive wetlands of Reedy Lake, Hospital Swamp and Lake Connewarre. Reedy Lake is contiguous with Hospital Swamp, Lake Connewarre, Salt Swamp, Murtnaghurt Lagoon and the Barwon River estuary. Moolap is a commercial saltworks and much of Point Henry is occupied by an aluminum smelter; the other wetlands are state game reserves. Reedy Lake is freshwater; Moolap, Hospital Swamp and Connewarre are saline. The Reedy Lake - Lake Connewarre system is part of the Port Phillip and Bellarine Peninsula Ramsar site.</p><br>
<h2>Birds</h2><br>
<p>The wetlands have been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because they support significant numbers of critically endangered orange-bellied parrots, endangered Australasian bitterns and over 1% of the world populations of chestnut teals, sharp-tailed sandpipers, red-necked stints and banded stilts.</p><br>
<p>Mission Pass, also known as the Sunol Grade and formerly as Stockton Pass, is a gap in the hills of the Mount Hamilton Range in Alameda County, California. It lies to the northeast of Mission San José, in Fremont, and leads from there into the Sunol Valley. Its elevation is 659 ft above sea level. Today, Interstate 680 traverses this pass.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mission Pass was first crossed by the Spanish explorers Pedro Fages, and Padre Juan Crespí in 1772. It was later used by Spanish soldiers in their expeditions into the San Joaquin Valley. It was part of the route of El Camino Viejo between Livermore Valley and the Mission San Jose and from the Mission to what is now Contra Costa County. It was used by later American explorers Jedediah Smith and John Fremont. During the early part of the California Gold Rush it was on the main land route to Stockton and the gold fields.</p><br>
<p>The Holden/Marolt Mining and Ranching Museum is located on the former Holden Mining and Smelting Company facility on the western edge of the city of Aspen, Colorado, United States. It consists of one remaining building and the remains of some others. In 1990 it was recognized as a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the only district in the city to be so recognized.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1891 to process ore mined from the mountains around the city into silver through lixiviation. Within two years it had to be shut down when a change in USA government policy led to a huge drop in silver production and drove it into bankruptcy. The buildings remained standing and were eventually bought by a local rancher to expand. His family later donated them to the Aspen Historical Society, which restored them and reopened the property as a museum of its early days as a mining boomtown.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings and grounds</h2><br>
<p>The museum occupies a 2½-acre (2.5 acre) tract on the south side of State Highway 82 just west of the residential neighborhoods in Aspen&#39;s West End. A mile to the west along the highway are the two Maroon Creek Bridges, the older of which is also listed on the Register. Aspen Valley Hospital is a thousand feet (300 m) to the southwest.</p><br>
<p>The land is generally clear and open, reflecting its past agricultural use. The mature trees that shade many of the West Ends houses end abruptly to the east, and there is a small grove of similar trees, all aspens, to the west of the museum. To the southeast is one of the ridges of Aspen Mountain, with the houses of South 7th Street near its foot. Across Highway 82 is Aspens streets department, some dwellings of more modern construction, and a golf course.</p><br>
<p>A system of paved bike paths and unpaved roads and paths leads to the museum from both Highway 82 and the official parking lot at the end of Marolt Place to the south. The main building is the plant&#39;s former sampling house, a one-and-a-half-story 77 by wood frame structure with vertical siding and a gabled roof from which a square cupola arises in the center. To the south are the remains of the salt sheds, one of which has been restored. In the vicinity are the remains of the smokestacks. portions of the sandstone foundation of the 250-foot-long (250 ft) mill building.</p><br>
<p>Up a slight slope 400 ft to the west is the original office building. It was converted into a residence in the 1940s with the addition of a 2nd story and aluminum siding - alterations which affected its historic character. These changes were considered substantial enough to preclude the buildings inclusion in the historic district. A garage next to it and the irrigation ditch that meanders around the entire property are similarly non-contributing artifacts of the propertys use as a ranch.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the late 1870s, prospectors from Leadville began heading west, over the Continental Divide at Independence Pass into Ute country, in search of gold and silver deposits in the upper Roaring Fork Valley. At Independence, just below the pass, a small settlement grew around the gold mines. It was soon displaced in importance by the settlement established further down the Roaring Fork, at its confluence with Castle Creek. Originally called Ute City, it was soon renamed Aspen after the trees on the flood plain and surrounding mountain slopes, which turned a brilliant yellow in the autumn.</p><br>
<p>Aspen became the seat of the newly established Pitkin County, named after Colorados then-governor. During the 1880s, it grew rapidly, reaching almost 13,000 people. It was Colorados third largest city after Denver and Leadville. Investors from the East built railroads, a luxury hotel and an opera house with their fortunes.</p><br>
<p>In 1891 a Denver businessman, E.R. Holden, formed the Holden Mining & Smelting Company with a $60,000 ($ in modern dollars) loan, most of which went to him personally. The company built a 22 acre lixiviation plant on the banks of Castle Creek. It was one of only 18 in the world to use the Russell Process, a combination of pulverization, salts and heat, to extract silver from ore samples with as little as 10 oz per ton (0.9 metric ton). Most Aspen ore ran 40–60 times that amount, and by the end of the 1880s the city was the nations leading silver producer. The plants 165 ft smokestack was believed to be the highest in the state.</p><br>
<p>The plant remained open for only 14 months. After the Panic of 1893, Congress repealed the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, which had required the USA government to regularly purchase silver to support the dollar, in order to combat expected inflation. With the loss of a customer representing such a large portion of the market, many of Aspens mines cut back production or closed outright. The Holden company declared bankruptcy, and the banks inability to recover any of the loan led ultimately to it suffering the same fate.</p><br>
<p>With the decline in mining, many miners left Aspen. The decades of steady population decline that followed are known as the citys "quiet years". Agriculture, particularly ranching shared equal prominence with the little mining left as the pillars of Aspens economy. Several attempts were made to revive the Holden plant as a concentrator, where the lower-grade ore could be stripped out. After the last one failed, in 1904 the property was abandoned, like so many others in the once-prosperous city.</p><br>
<p>By 1930 less than a thousand people lived in Aspen. Buildings from the boom years such as the plant stood vacant and deteriorating, many long since foreclosed by the county for nonpayment of taxes. The Marolt family bought the Holden property for a dollar in 1940 and added it to their nearby ranch. The Marolts used the property for grazing cattle and sheep, and potato farming.</p><br>
<p>Shortly afterward, with USA entry into World War II looming, the Army considered the site as a possible training facility for the soldiers of the Tenth Mountain Division. Instead it chose Camp Hale outside Leadville. The Tenth nevertheless developed a strong connection to Aspen as its members were banned from Leadville and often came to Aspen when on leave. After the war, many played a role in the development of the city into a popular ski resort destination.</p><br>
<p>It thus became more difficult to sustain the Marolt ranch after the war. The USA Forest Service offered less land for grazing after the resorts were built, and the Marolt family itself experienced financial strain and health problems. In the late 1950s, they began selling off fragments of their land.</p><br>
<p>Eventually the buildings became the property of the Aspen Historical Society. A grant from the Colorado Historical Society&#39;s State Historical Fund made possible the restoration of the sampling house, which had survived due to the heavy machinery once located in it. Costs of adding heating, plumbing, electricity and making it disabled-accessible eventually reached half a million dollars. and one of the salt sheds restored. The museum was opened in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>The museum has more than 20 exhibits about rise and decline of silver mining in and around Aspen. Among them is a diorama of the Holden Works as it originally stood, constructed by a local model railroading organization. Its collection includes machinery used in both mining and ranching, most stored or being restored in the old salt shed.</p><br>
<p>While it is possible to visit the site at any time, tours of the museum are only by appointment. A fee is charged to adults; children are admitted free. Special group rates are available.</p><br>
<p>The building at 163 North Street in Brighton, part of the English coastal city of Brighton and Hove, was erected in 1904 for an insurance company and has since been used as a branch by several banks and building societies. It now houses a bookmakers shop. The distinctive pink granite Edwardian Baroque-style office, embellished with towers, decorative carvings and a landmark cupola, has been called "the most impressive building" on Brightons main commercial thoroughfare. One of many works by prolific local architecture firm Clayton & Black, it has been described as their chef d&#39;œuvre. English Heritage has listed it at Grade II for its architectural and historical importance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>North Street formed the northern boundary of the ancient fishing village of Brighthelmston, from which the town of Brighton developed. It was part of the main route out of Brighton towards London, so was well placed to develop quickly once the town started to grow in the 18th century. By about 1800 it was considered the main commercial area of Brighton. The first of several road widening schemes was completed in 1879: it cleared most buildings from the north side of the street and encouraged the development of large banks and offices.</p><br>
<p>The architecture firm Clayton & Black had been based in Brighton since the 1870s, originally at North Street. By the early 20th century they had designed a wide range of buildings in the town and in neighbouring Hove, where they also carried out surveying work. Their portfolio included churches, schools, residential buildings, a convalescent home and a furniture depository, completed in 1904. By this time they were working mostly on commercial buildings, and in 1904 the Royal Assurance Society commissioned them to design a new office on a site next to the Chapel Royal at the junction of North Street and New Road—a prominent corner site. Other banks and financial institutions followed, and the north side of North Street has been "dominated" by them ever since.</p><br>
<p>From 21 April 1936, the building was shared with a branch of Martins Bank. A weather vane decorated with a liver bird—part of the bank&#39;s logo—was added to the roof. The branch closed on 5 March 1957 when a new one was opened elsewhere on North Street. By 1987, the building was occupied by a branch of the Leeds Permanent Building Society. On 1 August 1995, this company merged with the Halifax Building Society and the "Leeds Permanent" brand disappeared; thereafter the branch operated under the Halifax brand. The building now houses a branch of Metrobet, a bookmaker with several branches in London and southeast England.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage</h2><br>
<p>163 North Street was listed at Grade II by English Heritage on 26 August 1999. This status is given to "nationally important buildings of special interest". As of February 2001, it was one of 1,124 Grade II-listed buildings and structures, and 1,218 listed buildings of all grades, in the city of Brighton and Hove.</p><br>
<p>The building is within the Valley Gardens Conservation Area, one of 34 conservation areas in the city of Brighton and Hove. This was designated by Brighton Council in 1973 and covers 92.84 acre.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>163 North Street has been widely praised for its design. Descriptions include "the chef dœuvre of Clayton & Black, an ebullient essay in Edwardian Baroque", "an example of Edwardian Baroque at its best: a confident composition" and "the most impressive" of North Streets many banks and offices. The building has a roof of green slate tiles, and the walls are faced entirely in "delicate" pink granite. It occupies the whole New Road/North Street corner, presenting wide façades to both: the nine-window range is arranged as a 4–1–4 composition with the middle set forming an entrance bay at the corner, which is chamfered. This entrance bay has a straight-headed door set in a deep Tuscan-columned porch with a protruding arched pediment and brackets. The building rises to three storeys with an attic storey above (lit by dormer windows); the outermost bays rise one storey higher in the form of small towers, and the entrance bay is five storeys high and topped with an open-sided cupola and weather vane. This tower also has a clock face. The four-storey outer bays have their own entrances set in small porches with arched fanlights. The ground-floor windows are recessed, arched and set in surrounds with deep rustication and large keystones. A cornice between the ground and first floors supports Ionic columns in antis which rise through two storeys. The three bays which form towers are heavily rusticated—the outermost right to the top, and the chamfered entrance bay just at first- and second-floor levels, as far as a flattened semicircular pediment with the Royal Assurance Company&#39;s arms and an inscription. Above this is the clock face, then the slightly recessed cupola. Many of the windows have cornices or pediments of different styles.</p><br>
<p>The Sellwood Branch YMCA, also known as the Sellwood Community Center, in southeast Portland in the USA state of Oregon, is a 2.5-story structure listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Built in 1910, it was added to the register in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Financial problems led to the buildings take-over by the City of Portland in 1916 and its conversion from a Young Mens Christian Association (YMCA) or (Y) branch to a secular community center. Managed by Portland Parks & Recreation (PP&R), the building is equipped for basketball, yoga, music lessons, crafts, meetings, parties, weddings, and other recreational, social, and educational activities, and it contains offices and storage space.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>External features of the 60 by wooden building include large dormers, wide eaves, and multi-pane windows, all similar to nearby single-family houses. The modified T-shaped structure occupies all of a 50 by lot and part of an adjacent lot that also contains a playground, added in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Resting on an elevated concrete foundation, the structure consists of two floors, a mezzanine level, and an attic. The first-floor spaces include meeting rooms, offices, a lounge, kitchen, and a former swimming pool converted to a tumbling-mat area. On the mezzanine is a gymnasium and a small storage room. The second floor, which originally contained dormitory rooms, has been converted to spaces for dancing, yoga, music, meetings, and storage. The attic is used for additional storage.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During a public meeting in 1908 a group of Sellwood boys suggested the idea of creating a Y branch near where they lived. Founded in London, England, in 1844, the Y became popular in North America, and by 1870 about 650 American cities had Ys. In Portland, the Y was incorporated in 1868 as a religious society. Activities included Bible distribution, Sunday school recruitment, and charitable giving. As time passed, the Y focused less on religious matters and more on recreational and social activities. Admission to the Portland Y was opened to women in 1874, and the membership expanded. By 1909, the downtown Portland Y occupied an eight-story building shared by the Young Women&#39;s Christian Association (YWCA). The structure included a large auditorium, classrooms, gymnasiums, a swimming pool, and 200 dormitory rooms for single adults. Although the downtown Y was open to Sellwood residents, it was about 3 mi away by streetcar, which not everyone could afford.</p><br>
<p>Agreeing with the boys&#39; idea of 1908, Sellwood business and religious leaders decided to fund and build an independent branch Y, smaller than the downtown Y but including a gymnasium, swimming pool, and dormitory rooms. Although construction was completed on schedule, fundraising fell short of expectations, and four local churches were responsible for ongoing mortgage payments. Membership fees, dormitory rentals, and further fundraising efforts failed to raise enough money to pay the mortgage and sustain operations. To cut expenses, the Sellwood Y cut services and operating hours, and by 1915 the building was used only for meetings and social events.</p><br>
<p>Pressed for help by Sellwood residents, PP&R leased the building in 1916 and re-established recreational programs. By 1920, the City of Portland agreed to buy the building and to maintain it at public expense. PP&R has managed the building ever since. Amenities in the 21st century include an indoor basketball court, gymnasium, kitchen, space for meetings, parties, and weddings, and an outdoor playground and picnic tables.</p><br>
<p>The Tuba  is a river in Krasnoyarsk Krai in Siberia in Russia. It is formed by the confluence of Kazyr  and Amyl  and is a right tributary of the Yenisei River.</p><br>
<p>The length of the river proper is 119 km or 507 km from the headwaters of the Kazyr in the Eastern Sayan Mountains in the Minusinsk Hollow. The area of its basin, which includes more than a thousand lakes, is 36,900 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>The Tuba flows into the Krasnoyarsk Reservoir so that the mouth of the Tuba is actually part of the reservoir.</p><br>
<p>The river is navigable at high water to 99 km from its mouth, but it freezes sometime around late October to early December, and thaws from April to early May.</p><br>
<p>There are two (sometimes considered three) road bridges and a railway bridge constructed over the Tuba.</p><br>
<p>The Gwydir Wetlands comprise a system of irregularly inundated wetlands associated with the Gwydir River in the North West Slopes region of north-eastern New South Wales, Australia. When flooded they form an important site for breeding waterbirds.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The wetlands lie between the towns of Moree and Mungindi in the Moree Plains Shire near the state border with Queensland. They consist of the inland floodplain of the Gwydir River that splits into the Gingham and Big Leather water courses and creating, when fully flooded, a 1021 km wetland some 45 km west of Moree. The extensive wetland area is a good example of an inland terminal delta. The floodwater extends for about 95 km through a series of natural and constructed channels and swamps. Once a closed system, since the building of the 1364 GL Copeton Dam, water flows have been controlled by the State Government water authorities to the detriment of the wetlands. The wetlands are contained in the pastoral properties of Lynworth and Yarrol, and in parts of Boonoke and Old Dromana, with the surrounding land being important as providing feeding habitat for waterbirds.</p><br>
<h2>Birds</h2><br>
<p>The wetlands have been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because they support more breeding waterbirds than any other Australian site when they adequately flooded. Of more than half a million nesting waterbirds the wetlands may hold over 1% of the world populations of Australian white (up to 160,000 birds) and straw-necked ibises (up to 230,000), nankeen night herons (up to about 100,000) and intermediate egrets (up to about 45,000). Other waterbirds that have bred in the area in relatively large numbers include royal and yellow-billed spoonbills, little and great egrets, and glossy ibises. Australasian bitterns, Australian painted snipes and painted honeyeaters have been recorded.</p><br>
<h2>Ramsar site</h2><br>
<p>Some 800 ha of the privately owned Gwydir wetlands were designated on 14 June 1999 as a Ramsar site as a wetland of international importance. The federal government bought the property, which was the largest privately owned wetlands in New South Wales, for A$10 million. The plan is to create a new national park as the wetlands provide habitat for 160 species of birds amongst four endangered ecological communities.</p><br>
<p>Aguaje de Pedro Etchegoen was a watering place a little to the west of El Camino Viejo eight miles north of Poso de Chane where Pedro Etchegoen later established his sheep ranch. It was the only reliable watering place between the Poso and Cantua Creek. The Etchegoen or Etchegoin Ranch remained in the hands of his family up until the time of the Fresno oil boom. A Fresno Township map of 1907 shows it in the hands of William Etchegoen.</p><br>
<p>The last owner of the ranch, John Etchegoin had sold out and it was part of the Coalinga Oil Field by 1910. The Etchegoin formation is named for the former sheep ranch, on which that formation is found. It is one of the primary oil bearing geological formations in the Southwestern San Joaquin Valley.</p><br>
<p>The location of the watering place is found in an arroyo just west of the Coalinga - Mendota Road, 1.9 miles north of its junction with California State Route 33.</p><br>
<p>The building at 155–158 North Street in Brighton, part of the English coastal city of Brighton and Hove, was built between 1921 and 1923 as a branch of National Provincial Bank. It later became part of National Westminster Banks network of branches after that bank acquired National Provincial. In 2011 it became J D Wetherspoons second pub in central Brighton. One of many buildings by the prolific local architecture firm of Clayton & Black, whose work in various styles can be found across the city, it forms an important component of the range of banks, offices and commercial buildings on North Street—a significant commercial thoroughfare since the 18th century. In particular, the "good attention to detail" shown throughout the building&#39;s Louis XIV-style façade has been praised. English Heritage has listed it at Grade II for its architectural and historical importance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Brighton (originally Brighthelmston) originated as a fishing village bounded by four streets named after the points of the compass. The land to the north, west and east was agricultural. North Street lay on the main route towards London, and it thrived as the town grew in the 18th century: by 1800 it was the centre of commerce, lined with inns, shops and offices. Many buildings on the north side were removed between 1874 and 1879 when the road was widened, and offices and banks were attracted to the area. Large early 20th-century buildings included offices for the Prudential Association and the Royal Assurance Society and a branch of Midland Bank, and the north side of the street was soon "dominated" by such companies.</p><br>
<p>National Provincial Bank, a major retail bank founded in 1833, sought to open a branch in Brighton, and in 1921 they commissioned the Clayton & Black firm to work with their in-house architect F.C.R. Palmer to design a building on North Street at the corner of Bond Street. The site faced the Midland Bank branch of 1902. Clayton & Black had nearly 50 years of experience in Brighton and neighbouring Hove, designing an eclectic range of buildings to serve a variety of functions. Among other commissions, they were responsible for the Royal Assurance Society offices at 163 North Street.</p><br>
<p>The building was completed in 1923, There was already a National Westminster Bank branch a short distance away, at the corner of North Street and Pavilion Buildings, and 155–158 North Street was turned into a bar. By the early 21st century it operated under the name Saqqara. A sports bar and nightclub called The Gentlemans Turf then occupied the building, and it was later acquired by the J D Wetherspoon chain, which was granted permission by the city council in July 2010 to convert it into a pub. The Post & Telegraph opened on 21 December 2010. It is a short distance from the groups Bright Helm pub, and as of is one of four Wetherspoon outlets in the city of Brighton and Hove.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage</h2><br>
<p>Under the name National Westminster Bank, 155–158 North Street was listed at Grade II by English Heritage on 23 June 1994. This status is given to "nationally important buildings of special interest". As of February 2001, it was one of 1,124 Grade II-listed buildings and structures, and 1,218 listed buildings of all grades, in the city of Brighton and Hove.</p><br>
<p>The building is within the North Laine Conservation Area, one of 34 conservation areas in the city of Brighton and Hove. This was designated by Brighton Council in 1977 and covers 41.37 acre.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The stone-built structure is in the Louis XVI style, a derivative of Neoclassical architecture. Elements of the Edwardian Baroque style, which Clayton & Black used in their 1904 commission at 163 North Street, have also been identified. The building has been said to stand "glowering... across the entrance to Bond Street" at T.B. Whinney&#39;s Edwardian/Italianate Midland Bank branch of 1902. The two-storey building has six windows facing North Street, a chamfered corner entrance bay and three windows to each floor facing Bond Street. There are dormer windows set into the slate-tiled mansard roof. There are three entrances: two subsidiary doorways in the outermost bays, and an elaborate arrangement in the corner bay consisting of straight-headed double doors decorated with zodiac-themed reliefs, set in an architrave with a cornice supported on corbels, below which is an escutcheon with a bas-relief coat of arms. Above the cornice and its entablature is a lavishly decorated Diocletian window surrounded by carved swags with a female face forming the centrepiece on top of the keystone. The whole of the ground floor is rusticated, including the concave, heavily recessed window surrounds in which tall round-arched windows are set. These windows have intricately carved keystones. A wide entablature forms separates the ground and first floors; above it, the windows are straight-headed and set below architraves with decorative keystones. Between each window is a slightly projecting panel. At the top of the building, a parapet runs around the whole building in front of the roof; it has balustraded sections in front of each dormer window. The dormers have distinctive architraves.</p><br>
<p>Van Dyne Civic Building, also known as The Court House, is a historic courthouse building located at Troy, Bradford County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1894, and is a 2 1/2-story, rectangular building, measuring 50 feet wide and 84 feet deep. It has red brick exterior walls and sits on a cut stone foundation. The front facade features an entrance arch reflecting Richardsonian Romanesque-style design influences. It also has pointed gable ends, a bracketed cornice, and two tower at either end of the front facade. The building originally served as a courthouse for the western portion of Bradford County. It also originally housed a bank and insurance company. Court sessions ended in 1923. In 1916, it was purchased by E. Everitt Van Dyne, who deeded it to the school district and refurbished it as a civic center for the community. Over time, it has also housed the post office and library.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>AME Church of New Haven is a historic African Methodist Episcopal church located at 225 Selma Street in New Haven, Missouri. The church was built in 1893 for New Havens AME congregation; founded in 1865, it was one of the first black churches in the city. Church member Anna Bell campaigned heavily for donations to build the new church building; Bell was also one of the new churchs original trustees. After her death, the building was named the Anna Bell Chapel in her honor. The church, located in a predominantly African-American section of New Haven, maintained a congregation of roughly 20 people until 1960; during this time, it also served as a community center for the citys African-American community. After 1960, the churchs congregation declined, and by the early 1990s the church had only four members.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>St. Mary&#39;s Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church of the Episcopal Diocese of West Missouri located at 104 West Davis Street in Fayette, Howard County, Missouri. The Gothic Revival style church structure was built in 1849, and is a small rectangular one-story structure constructed of vertical board and batten on a brick foundation. It measures 18 feet by 50 feet with an additional vestibule area which measures 8 feet by 10 feet.</p><br>
<p>The Episcopal Church came to Missouri two years before the creation of the state, in the person of the Rev. John Ward, who arrived in St. Louis in 1819. It was not until 1835, however, in the General Convention of the Church in Philadelphia that the Missionary Diocese of Missouri was created, and as its first Bishop, the Rev. Jackson Kemper, was consecrated.</p><br>
<p>In August 1836 the Rev. Fredrick Foote Peake, a deacon, was appointed Missionary for Central Missouri following an earlier visit to the area by Bishop Kemper. Rev. Peake was sent to Boonville. This community, along with the thriving village of Franklin (located across the Missouri River and the second largest community in Missouri), and Fayette (the newly created seat of Howard County) contained a number of people of the Episcopal Church.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>St. Peter the Apostle Catholic Church and Rectory is a historic Roman Catholic church and rectory located at 812 Pearl Street in Joplin, Jasper County, Missouri. The church was built in 1906, and is a Late Gothic Revival style building constructed of Carthage limestone. It measures 63 feet, 6 inches, by 122 feet, 8 inches and features circular windows; tracery; Gothic arched windows and doors; and the triple portal entry. The rectory was built in 1917, and is a two-story Prairie School style dwelling with a finished basement. It is constructed of Carthage limestone and has a low pitched, hipped roof with wide overhang. Also on the property is a contributing concrete block garage.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991 as a national historic district.</p><br>
<p>Presbyterian Orphanage of Missouri, also known as Farmington Childrens Home and Presbyterian Childrens Home, is a historic orphanage and national historic district located at 412 West Liberty Street in Farmington, St. Francois County, Missouri. The district encompasses five contributing large brick buildings built between 1939 and the early 1950s in the Georgian Revival style. They are the Administration Building and Dining Hall, built in 1939 and enlarged in the 1940s, two large dormitories built in the early 1950s , and a smaller "hospital" building known as Holmes Cottage built in 1940. The Presbyterian Children&#39;s Home vacated the campus in 1999. The campus is currently an apartment complex for senior citizens.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Athens Historic District, also known as Tioga Point Historic District, is a national historic district located at Athens, Bradford County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 97 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site in a primarily residential area of Athens. The buildings date between about 1801 and 1935, and include notable examples of vernacular and high style Greek Revival and Queen Anne style architecture. Also located in the district are the First Presbyterian Church , Trinity Episcopal Church , and Riverside Cemetery / Old Athens Cemetery. Located in the district and separately listed are the Protection of the Flag Monument and Spalding Memorial Library-Tioga Point Museum.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Sacred Heart Catholic Church and Parsonage is a historic Roman Catholic church located on Route U in Rich Fountain in Osage County, Missouri. The church was built in 1879, and is a one-story, rectangular building constructed of cut- and squared buff-limestone rubble blocks. It measures approximately 45 feet by 140 feet and has a gabled, red tile roof installed in 1925. The church displays vernacular Gothic Revival and Romanesque Revival design elements. It features a bell and clock tower with its slate-shingled cone steeple, gabled vent dormers and Vendramini windows at cardinal points. The associated parsonage was built in 1881, and is a limestone rubble block building with segmental arched windows.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Towanda Historic District is a national historic district located at Towanda, Bradford County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 440 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Towanda. The buildings date between about 1830 and 1900, and include notable examples of vernacular and high style Greek Revival, Queen Anne, and Classical Revival style architecture. Notable buildings include the William Means House , Towanda Academy , Dr. Samuel Huston House , Ulysses Mercur House , David Cash House , Presbyterian Church , SS Peter and Paul Church , Hale Opera House , Episcopal Church , Citizens National Bank , Kingsbury / Chamberlain Building , Dan Turner House , Public Library , and the Riverside Cemetery. Located in the district and separately listed is the Bradford County Courthouse.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Free Will Baptist Church of Pennytown is a historic African-American church in Pennytown, a community of unincorporated Saline County, Missouri 8 mi south of Marshall. It was built in 1925 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>History of Pennytown</h2><br>
<h3>The community</h3><br>
<p>Today the church is all that remains of the small freedman&#39;s hamlet of Pennytown. The community was founded around 1871 by Joseph Penny, a former slave who moved to Saline County, Missouri from Kentucky shortly after the American Civil War. He used his life savings to purchase an eight-acre tract of land, intending it as a place of refuge and new beginnings for recently freed slaves. Penny divided the eight acres into building lots, selling them to newly arrived residents at affordable prices. Other freed slaves purchased small tracts of land around the village as well so that by 1879 the size of the community had increased about forty families and sixty-four acres.</p><br>
<p>By 1880 Pennytown had a population of around 200 African-Americans residing there, with a school, two churches, a blacksmith shop and other businesses. While other freedmens settlements suffered from predation by land speculators and unscrupulous neighbors, Pennytown largely avoided such chicanery. This was mostly due to Joseph Pennys insistence that residents hold clear legal title to their properties.</p><br>
<p>Because they owned the land upon which they lived, Pennytown residents were able to avoid the pitfalls and abuses of sharecropping that befell many former slaves in the postbellum era. Instead, the men of the community were able to earn wages as laborers on area farms and in Marshall. The women largely worked too, as domestic help. With the working age adults gone most of the day, the older members of Pennytown served as caregivers for the children in a communal arrangement. Pennytown began to lose population in the 1920s as more farms began using machinery thus reducing the need for hired labor. The Great Depression in the 1930s further destroyed work opportunities in and around the rural community. The last family moved away from Pennytown in 1943, leaving only a few elderly residents who remained until their deaths.</p><br>
<h3>The church</h3><br>
<p>In 1886 a white neighbor donated a half-acre plot of land to be used for a house of worship. Prior to that time various homes in the community had been used for church services or, weather permitting, in neighboring brush arbors. A simple wood frame church was erected on the current spot, but it was destroyed by fire in 1924. It was replaced with the current tile block structure built in 1925-1926. Not having the funds for materials to construct a new church all at once, over a period of months church members would purchase a few tile blocks at a time as money allowed and stacked them on the site. Finally in the fall of 1925 the foundation was laid. The majority of the construction was done by the men of the community and the church over the succeeding months. At first lighting in the completed church was provided by a large suspended carbide lamp. Later, kerosene lamps were added to holders along the walls.</p><br>
<p>Through the mid-20th century as the village population of Pennytown dwindled the church building also deteriorated. By the 1980s the church was in a serious state of disrepair. Vandals had broken the few windows while the sometimes harsh Missouri weather had badly damaged the roof and foundation. Despite its poor condition, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places largely due to the efforts of historian and former Pennytown resident Josephine Robinson Lawrence. By 1996 the restoration activity was largely complete. A new foundation was constructed, new windows and doors added, the original tile blocks reconstructed, a new roof added, and the interior was refurbished with painting, drywall, and a new wood plank floor.</p><br>
<p>The building is maintained today by a volunteer organization, Friends of Pennytown Historic Site. An annual reunion, or Homecoming, of former residents and their descendants is held the first weekend of August. The Homecoming tradition started shortly after the end World War II as the former residents, now scattered all across the Midwest and nation, longed to stay connected to their roots. Adjacent to the church, but no longer part of the property or the historic site, is a natural pond that was used for baptisms during the active years of the church. A large pole-mounted sign on the property explains the history of the community and the church.</p><br>
<p>Carbondale City Hall and Courthouse, also known as the Carbondale Municipal Building, is a historic city hall and courthouse building located at Carbondale, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1892-1894, and is a brick and bluestone building in the Romanesque-style. It consists of five-story, square, corner tower; three-story wing; and two-story brick wing. The three-story wing, along with the tower, houses the Carbondale City Hall. It features a massive, half-circle primary entrance and rusticated stone and brick turrets. The two-story wing was built in 1859 as the courthouse, and incorporated into the new building.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s third floor houses the Carbondale Historical Society and Museum.</p><br>
<p>Lackawanna County Courthouse and John Mitchell Monument is a historic courthouse building located at Scranton, Lackawanna County, in the USA state of Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<h2>Courthouse</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse was built in 1884, and is a 3 1/2-story rectangular masonry building, with a raised basement, in the Romanesque Revival-style. It was enlarged in 1896, with the addition of a third story and reconstruction of the roof to add a number of eclectic design elements. The building measures approximately 100 by. It features a five story clock tower. A courthouse wing was built in 1964. The courthouse was the site of the first session of the 1902 Anthracite Coal Strike Commission.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>John Mitchell Monument</h2><br>
<p>The monument to John Mitchell (1870–1919) was erected in 1924. It consists of a granite monolith with a niche, enclosing a bronze statue of Mitchell.</p><br>
<p>Grand Army of the Republic Building is a historic Grand Army of the Republic building located at Scranton, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1886, and is a red brick and granite building in the Romanesque Revival-style. It consists of two sections: a three-story with full basement section measuring 40 feet by 60 feet, and a 40 feet by 34 feet section with four stories and a full basement. It features a porch with red granite columns, a carved brick archway, an ornate carved brick cornice, cast stone arches, and corner turret with round cupola and finial rising to a height of 90 feet. It originally housed a hotel and Masonic Temple, but was purchased by the Grand Army of the Republic in 1901.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The St. John the Baptist Roman Catholic Church is a Roman Catholic church in Johnsburg in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin. The church is part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The parish can trace its history back to 1830s German immigrants. The first church was built in 1843 and its current structure was built in 1857. The community of Johnsburg grew up around the church which now includes a school, cemetery, and rectory.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Immigrants from Prussia began settling in the Holyland region of Wisconsin in the 1830s. They began holding religious services in settler&#39;s huts with services conducted by Father Theodore Van den Broek. Members donated 2 acres of land for a permanent site and a small log church was built over the middle of 1843. The Archdiocese of Milwaukee was formed in 1843; the church has remained in the archdiocese since. Newly appointed Bishop John Henni, a Swiss native, visited the church and parishioners were excited to be addressed using their native German language. An 1844 census of the church showed 40 registered families. The Bishop named Father Caspar Rehrl the first resident pastor in September 1845. All land within 8 mi from Lake Winnebago had been purchased by settlers or was owned by Native Americans and parishioners built a church on the large hill in Mount Calvary which is now the home of the St. Lawrence Seminary High School. Father Fabian Bermadinger arrived from Austria (along with three Brothers) to assist Rehrl in 1847.</p><br>
<p>Wisconsin became a state in 1848. By 1850 the small log church was not large enough. Parishioners initially considered enlarging the log church, but the idea was struck in favor of building a new structure. A proposal to build a new structure to the south divided the parish. The bishop didn&#39;t recognize the new structure and work stopped when the money ran out with just walls completed. He started gathering materials from nearby quarries and Bishop Henni laid the cornerstone of the church by mid-1855. The church was completed in 1857 and a festival was held which included consecrating the new sacred building. Deisenrieder submitted the annual financial report showing a $1,800 loss (in a depressed economy) and resigned from the parish after receiving hostilities causing his assistant Father Maximilian Mueller to become the head pastor in mid-1857. He stopped administering in June 1858 and died on July 12 at age 33.</p><br>
<p>The parish became more peaceful and a series of part-time Capuchin priests preached at the church. Bishop Henni named Father F.X. Pfaller as the full-time pastor in 1861; he remained until May 1862. He was the first in a series of priests to preach for one year. Father Aloys Kieser was the preacher from 1866 until 1873. Bishop Henni sold the land that the original church had been built upon; he added the conditions that the cemetery remain intact at that the incomplete church be razed by April 1, 1874.</p><br>
<p>Several priests administered the parish until Father Julius Hellweger took over in April 1879. As of 1980, he had the longest administration in the churches history. He left Germany to avoid Otto von Bismarcks persecution of Catholics called the "Kulturkampf." In 1884 a new two-story school was built from cream-colored brick at the site of the previous school and it was completed in 1886. Archbishop Frederick Katzer visited in 1892 and urged parishioners to build a new tower. The parish council was supposed to incorporate the parish by the archbishop&#39;s order since 16 years had passed since Wisconsin had required it. The parish was named an outpost of the Milwaukee archdiocese at the same time when diocese lines in the state were redrawn along county lines because of the addition of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior. The incorporation issue came up again at the end of the 1900s decade. After being closed for a short while, the incorporation papers where finally signed on November 12, 1909 by Father Francis Ruhmann and two representatives from the state of Wisconsin. A tide of anti-German patriotism swept the United States during World War I but parish men voted 40 to 34 in favor of keeping sermons in German. The parish was able to afford limited enhancements during the Great Depression including a tile floor in the sanctuary, a tabernacle, two statues, two furnaces in the school, and a garage for the rectory.</p><br>
<p>Father Benjamin Blied took over administration in 1948 after being a professor at St. Francis Seminary. During Blieds tenure, he contracted having a deeper well, automatic bells were added, the old school was razed and converted into a playground, a heater powerful enough for the church and school was installed. On John the Baptists day in 1957, the church building&#39;s centennial was celebrated with a mass. Numerous priests who were sons of the parish had active roles in the celebration, which was led by archbishop Albert Gregory Meyer. Later that year, improvements were made including: the school yard and church approaches were asphalted, steeple repainted and its clock removed in favor of windows, and the church floors tiled.</p><br>
<p>The school was being taught by nuns and they wanted to move their housing out of the school into a separate convent to alleviate overcrowding in the school. St. Anna was interested to join since its school was being closed but wasn&#39;t invited to the first meeting since it was in a different diocese; the organization decided to decline since it arrived too late in the planning. No name could be decided for new school so the treasurer eventually had checks created using the name "Consolidated Parochial Elementary School" and the name stuck. Marytown and Johnsburg students in Grades 4 to 8 were taught at Johnsburg starting with the 1969-70 school year.</p><br>
<h2>Current events</h2><br>
<p>Services are held at the church on Saturdays at 4:15 in the afternoon and Sunday mornings at 10:30. Father Joseph H. Coerber is the pastor. The church hosts an annual picnic in July to raise money.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>St. John the Baptist Congregation, Rev. Benjamin J. Blied, 1980</p><br>
